Laplacian pdf of DGD time derivative and application to predicting PMD-induced outage rates
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction: Polarisation-mode dispersion (PMD) is a major impediment for network operators seeking to increase the per channel data rate to beyond 10 Gbit=s on long-haul fibre-optic links. To ensure the reliability of their fibre-optic network at higher bit rates, network engineers must be able to predict PMD-induced outage rates. A PMD-induced outage is one which the instantaneous differentialgroup delay (DGD or Dt) exceeds a given threshold value, Dtth, while the outage probability Pout, expressed in minutes=year, can be calculated using
منابع مشابه
PMD Characterization on an Active Fiber Link: Final Report
Signal degradation due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects may become significant for signaling rates of 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, and beyond. To assess the utility of various PMD mitigation schemes, temporal and spectral measurements of differential group delay (DGD) were made on 95 km of buried standard single-mode fiber over an 86-d period to determine the distribution and rate of change o...
متن کاملNon-blocking PMD monitoring in live optical systems
Introduction: In high-speed fibre-optic communication systems, polarisation-mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the most important factors of performance degradation. In-situ monitoring of PMD in live, multichannel WDM systems will be a key requirement for future dynamic optical networks to ensure quality of operation. Especially, for optical links with exceptionally high PMD values, an in-situ mon...
متن کاملExperimental investigation and digital compensation of DGD for 112 Gb/s PDM-QPSK clock recovery.
For asynchronous sampled systems such as Polarization Division Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, (PDM-QPSK), phase and frequency of the sampling clock is typically not synchronized to the data symbols. Therefore, timing adjustment, so called clock recovery and interpolation, must be performed in digital domain prior to signal demodulation in order to avoid cycle slips. For the first ti...
متن کاملAttosecond-resolution measurement of polarization mode dispersion in short sections of optical fiber.
optical, fiber optics, photonic subsystems, photonics, lightwave components A new technique is presented for measurement of the differential group delay (DGD) between principal states of polarization of an optical device, with a demonstrated accuracy and resolution of roughly 50 attoseconds (50 x 10.18 s). Accuracy was directly assessed by measurement of a crystal quartz DGD standard. For the f...
متن کاملPolarization Losses in Optical Fibers
Very long span optical communications are mainly limited by the chromatic dispersion (CD) or group velocity dispersion (GVD), fiber nonlinearities, and optical amplifier noise (Agrawal 2005). Different frequencies of a pulse travel with their own velocities, which involves a pulse spreading. In a fiber-optic communication system, information is transmitted within a fiber by using a coded sequen...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2004